Independent · Open data · Baner, Pune · Since January 2022

Observing the Earth,
over time

Earth Pulse is a ground-level environmental observatory on the edge of the Western Ghats — tracking air, climate, sound, and biodiversity from one location, continuously, since January 2022.

The objective

To build the most detailed, long-term, freely accessible environmental record of a single location in urban India — combining air quality, microclimate, acoustic biodiversity, and visual documentation into one continuous, open dataset.

Most environmental data is regional and aggregated. Earth Pulse is hyperlocal and hourly. The goal is to reveal patterns that regional data cannot — the morning AQI spike before traffic, the temperature drop when the first monsoon cloud passes, the exact day a migratory bird arrives.

Over time this becomes more than data. It becomes memory, evidence, and a foundation for understanding how a place changes — accessible not just to researchers, but to anyone curious about the world around them.

What we've measured so far

Extremes from Baner

The most significant readings in our dataset since January 2022. Register free to access the full records table with timestamps and context.

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Methodology

Climate & air quality

Hourly data is fetched from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) via Open-Meteo — the same data used by European environmental agencies. Parameters include PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, ozone, CO, SO₂, ammonia, and European AQI.

India AQI is independently sourced from the Google Air Quality API, which applies India's own national standard (0–500 scale). Both are stored side by side for every hour.

Bird detection

BirdNET — the neural network developed by the K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics at Cornell Lab of Ornithology — runs continuously on a Raspberry Pi facing the Sahyadri foothills. It listens during dawn chorus, evening chorus, and overnight.

Each detection is logged with its confidence score and matched with the climate reading at that exact hour — enabling correlations between air quality, weather, and bird activity.

Visual documentation

Photographs of Baner Hill are archived with their original EXIF timestamps, resized to 1280×720, and stored alongside the climate reading recorded at that exact moment. This links every visual observation to a precise environmental context.

Data quality

Gaps caused by power outages are automatically filled on the next system boot using historical archive APIs. The database uses upsert logic — re-running any script is always safe and never creates duplicates.

All data is stored in UTC and displayed in IST (Asia/Kolkata). Backfill covers January 2022 to present.

Built from scratch, on a balcony

Hardware
Raspberry Pi 3B+
Indoors. Runs the hourly AQI cron job, manages the database pipeline, and orchestrates all data collection.
Hardware
Raspberry Pi 3B
On the balcony. Runs BirdNET acoustic inference with a USB microphone facing the Sahyadri hills. Dawn, evening, and night sessions.
Hardware · Phase 3
Raspberry Pi Zero 2W
Solar-powered. Will capture hourly time-lapse photos of the hill. 3× Waaree WE-3 panels (9W) for off-grid operation.
Data source
Open-Meteo + CAMS
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service for EU AQI and all pollutant concentrations. Free, no key required. Historical archive from 2022.
Data source
Google Air Quality API
India's national AQI standard (0–500 scale), dominant pollutant, and health recommendations. 30-day history available.
AI model
BirdNET v2.4
Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Neural network trained on 6,000+ species. Runs locally on Pi — no internet required for inference. 228 species predicted for our coordinates.
Database
Supabase (PostgreSQL)
37,000+ hourly climate rows. Bird detections, timelapse frames, newsletter signups, contact messages — all in one hosted Postgres instance with public read access.
Storage
Cloudflare R2 + Supabase
Hill photos and bird audio clips. R2 for Pi camera output (S3-compatible, zero egress cost). Supabase Storage for browser uploads.
Frontend
Cloudflare Pages
Static HTML/CSS/JS. No framework. Deploys from GitHub on every push. Global CDN, zero cost. earthpulse.pages.dev.

Use this data

All Earth Pulse data is freely available for research, journalism, education, and personal use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. You may use, share, and adapt the data for any purpose — including commercial — with attribution.

Earth Pulse Project (2026). Hyperlocal environmental and biodiversity observatory, Baner, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Data collected continuously since January 2022. Available at: earthpulse.pages.dev

For research collaboration, data access requests, or press enquiries: contact us →